China recently introduced two major regulatory initiatives targeting AI systems. Specifically, the "Implementation Opinions on the Standardized Application and Innovative Development of Intelligent Agents" ("Implementations Opinions") focuses on AI agents, while the "Interim Measures for the Administration of Anthropomorphic AI Interaction Services" ("Interim Measures") governs anthropomorphic AI services, including AI companions and human-like chatbots. As discussed below, these regulations introduce new and wide-ranging requirements for AI companies operating in China.

AI Agents
The Implementation Opinions, which were issued on May 8, 2026, define AI agents as "systems with autonomous perception, memory, decision-making, interaction, and execution capabilities." A risk-based approach is implemented to govern such systems, which highlights the fast-evolving nature of AI agent technology. Under this scheme, heightened human approval is required for high-risk sectors, such as healthcare, transportation, media, and public safety, which includes mandatory testing and filing requirements, product recall procedures, and formal regulatory oversight. Such requirements are not imposed on lower-risk use cases. However, platform governance, third-party evaluation, and industry self-regulation are still expected to shape corporate behavior with respect to low-risk uses. Additionally, the Implementation Opinions outline a credit rating system that can penalize bad actors.

Anthropomorphic AI Services
The Interim Measures, which went into effect on July 15, 2026, target AI systems designed to produce emotional effects, and require that companies implement specific technical features into such systems. Specifically, anthropomorphic AI systems must be capable of intervening when extreme negative emotions or signs of addiction are apparent. These systems must also mitigate user overdependence by notifying users after every two hours of continuous use, issuing warnings when signs of overdependence are detected, and providing easy mechanisms for discontinuing use. Further, anthropomorphic AI systems must be capable of contacting guardians or authorities during personal crises.

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